Hiya, i can’t quite work out why sometimes sentences with if have os in Welsh but sometimes have sen i’n/set ti’n.
“os” is “if” unless the conditional tense is being used - with the conditional tense, the “if” is kind of hypothetical, and this “if” is petaswn/petaset/petasai etc, which is often shortened to taswn/taset/tasai etc, which in turn is often shortened to 'swn/'set/'sai etc.
Bydda’n mynd os ti’n mynd hefyd - I will go if you are going too
Byswn i’n mynd petaset/taset/'set ti’n mynd hefyd - I would go if you were going too
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Ooh, this is not something I’m familiar with! I think I see what you mean. Learning Welsh is showing up my lack of understanding of English too! Thanks, I’ll go away and think about this x
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I had to Google what verbs, adjectives etc were - I’ve not needed to know for 40 odd years and I’d forgotten! 
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Don’t worry to much about the names of the tenses. As you mentioned we don’t even know what they are in English 
Fortunately, the Welsh and English tenses tend to run parallel to each other. So as long as you know the Welsh for Would and (if I) Could, you have cracked it.
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I found that it helps to completely forget about the if here in English - I would go were you (to be) going too
But don’t tie yourself in knots overthinking this, folks. If you get it the wrong way round it will still be comprehensible.
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