Grammar notes

That just made me laugh out loud! :joy:

Certainly, Iā€™ll put it on my list :grin:

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Were volume-focused and not content focused. Itā€™s triggered when multiple posts from one user go to the same target user on the same topic/thread.

Anna and Gareth - you two are asking for another visitation from the ā€œbotā€ Itā€™s ā€œslow to chide and quick to blessā€, but there are limits :laughing:

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Weā€™re chodden and we donā€™t care!! :joy:

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ā€¦but nicht verboten :no_mouth:

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Beth bynnag, Iā€™ve had a little read in the Grammar, and Iā€™m feeling more educated about bynnag now.

Gareth, beth bynnag yn niā€™n gwneud, yn niā€™n mynd i drwblā€¦

Hoping thatā€™s correct for Whatever we do, we are going to get in trouble :wink:

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Also in some ?C17 poem that I randomly came across by chance (ā€˜Colinā€™ by ā€˜The Shepherd Tonieā€™ ā€“ presumably a then-current spelling of ā€˜colleenā€™) ā€“ set to music by the Violent Femmes as Hey Nonny Nonny. Itā€™s about deciding not to indulge in a little Peeping Tom moment, so:

My wanton thoughts enticed mine eye
To see what was forbidden
But better memory said ā€œFieā€
So vain desire was chidden.
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I have a niggly question that I havenā€™t found an answer to in A Comprehensive Grammar (I may have missed it).

I have seen a discussion before about whether or not to use ā€˜iā€™ before a verb noun ( when in English you would say ā€˜toā€™) but my question is a specific instance of that, where the often cited test of ā€˜can you insert ā€œin order toā€ in English?ā€™ doesnā€™t seem to work.

I notice in the Challenges that you say (eg) hapus i helpu BUT fodlon dod a rhywbeth.

So is there a way of knowing if after an adjective whether you use ā€˜iā€™ or not? Or is it just one of those things you pick up by listening? (Iā€™m assuming here that itā€™s the adjective that makes the difference, not the verb.)

Thank you, @garethrking (or anyone else who would care to wade in!)

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Hi Cat. Yes I think you are right that only some verbs attract the ā€œiā€ after an adjective or/and 1st verb. To me, ā€œHelpuā€ sounds OK with the ā€œiā€, and ā€œDodā€ sounds OK without it.

Incidentally, do you have this list? Annoyingly, ā€œDodā€ isnā€™t in it.
http://clwbmalucachu.co.uk/cmc/cheat/cheat_vn_no_i.htm

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Thanks, John. Thatā€™s a really useful list, but I think it answers a slightly different question. If Iā€™m reading it right, itā€™s about which verbs are not FOLLOWED by i, when there are two verb nouns together.

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Hey, yes. Iā€™ve just checked and you are right.

Yes, Catriona - itā€™s about the adjectives, not the verbs: which adjectives use a linking i with a following VN, and which donā€™tā€¦after all, you can use the same VN after hapus and bodlon: dw iā€™n hapus i ddod but dw iā€™n fodlon dod.

Unfortunately it is hard to spot a pattern or give a rule, although I seem to remember we had a discussion here about this a little while back.

You probably just have to learn them as you come across them - donā€™t worry, they do sort of settle into your head as your fluency increases. :slight_smile:

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Great thanks, Gareth. I think where I went wrong was that in Section 248, it is
ā€¦fodlon I lofnodiā€¦ (willing to sign)
but
ā€¦fodlon gofalu amā€¦(willing to care for)

I guess thatā€™s for another reason, and again should we just go with the sound until we get used to it?

Hmm, this is definitely something in the loose ends/ foggy category for meā€¦

ā€¦and those examples put a spanner in the works of my current (scrapped) working explanation which was that, for example, fodlon has a ā€˜toā€™ incorporated in it ie it means willing to - a bit like cyrhaedd meaning arrive atā€¦and that happy just means happyā€¦

These examples either mean than it is context sensitive - ie dependent on what follows - or that the use of ā€˜iā€™ is somewhat discretionary - maybe in some situations @garethrking?

However it may be that going with the flow/ not worrying about it is best! :smile:

Rich :slight_smile:

I think that is probably so, Rich - certainly I would say, for example, dw iā€™n fodlon llofnodi without the i, which sounds right to me.

I suspect that a lot of cases of uncertainty are basically down to subconscious influence of English, where we actually have a word to that we attach to the verb to make (what is essentially) the verbnoun - often but erroneously called the ā€˜infinitiveā€™ (so such thing in modern English, and never was).

You see, i (unlike to in English) has a very definite motion connotation, albeit sometimes metaphorically. And thatā€™s where that rule-of-thumb about ā€˜use it where to means in order toā€™ mentioned earlier comes from. But also intention, which is another sort of motion towards something, isnā€™t it? Perhaps that explain hapus i ddod, sort of. But then again bwriadu intend itself definitely does NOT have a following i - we deffo say dach chiā€™n bwriadu dod? and NOT **dach chiā€™n bwriadu i ddod?*, which sounds dreadful.

Bottom line in these situations: donā€™t use i unless thereā€™s a strong reason - and remember that the VN in Welsh covers both the toā€¦ form and the -ing form in English.

There is plenty of fuzziness here, really. My new book Great Fuzzinesses of the Welsh Language And How To Defuzzify Them will be out sometime next year. I recommend early ordering (or ā€˜pre-orderingā€™ as we are now idiotically told to call it) to avoid disappointment or indeed being crushed in the rushā€¦

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I see. Thank you , thatā€™s extremely useful - fuzzy areas being what they areā€¦ Iā€™m looking forward to the new book already - snappy title - no ISBN yet! :smile:

Rich

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In that case Rich, I think you may also be interested in the autobiographical memoir I am working on: Great Verbnouns I Have Known, and the Auxiliaries I Used With Them, ISBN not yet assigned, but ASIN: B019HTB972. :+1:

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Wowā€¦ok. Iā€™ll give it a go! Life is full of surprisesā€¦thatā€™s why I love it. :smile:

Is it any good - author looks a bit dodgy?! :wink: :smile:

Rich :smile:

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Author 7.8 on the Dodgy Scale, Iā€™m toldā€¦ :confused:

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:smile: :smile: digon teg! Iā€™ll riskit for a swisskitā€¦

Rich :slight_smile:

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